Deep Dive into Server Memory Architecture: From DRAM Granules to NUMA Modes

Starting from the physical structure of DRAM granules, this article analyzes core concepts including Channel, Rank, Bank, Burst, and Prefetch layer by layer. Combined with the real CPU architectures of Intel Emerald Rapids (EMR) MCC/XCC and Granite Rapids (GNR) XCC, it explores the working principles, performance differences, and tuning recommendations for UMA, NUMA, SNC2/SNC4, Hemisphere, and Quadrant memory clustering modes.